Do I Pay Social Security Taxes on All of My Income?

The quick answer: It depends on how much you earn.

Millions of people rely on Social Security, and the money to fund the program comes heavily from taxes paid by working Americans. If you take a look at your paystubs, you’ll notice that you pay something called FICA tax. That’s short for the Federal Insurance Contribution Act, and it’s how two key programs — Social Security and Medicare — get their funding. But whereas you’re guaranteed to pay Medicare taxes on all of your income, the same does not hold true for Social Security.

Social Security’s earnings tax cap: A source of debate

All workers are required to pay Social Security and Medicare taxes, but if you’re a salaried employee, you’re only responsible for half of that liability, as your employer will pick up the second half of that tab. If you’re self-employed, you’re required to foot the bill for all of your FICA tax, but you’ll get the option to deduct half of that sum on your taxes.

For Medicare purposes, you’ll pay a 2.9% tax on all of your wages. Again, if you’re employed by an outside company, you’ll only pay half that amount, or 1.45%. Social Security, however, has an earnings cap for tax purposes, which means that once your income reaches a certain level, you’re no longer liable for taxes. That level changes from year to year, and for 2019, it’s $132,900.

Furthermore, the tax rate for Social Security is 12.4%, which you’ll either need to pay completely if self-employed or split with your employer. This means that if you’re self-employed, you’ll pay up to $16,480 in Social Security taxes.

Many lawmakers believe that the current tax setup is unfair with regard to Social Security, and many workers no doubt feel the same. For example, if you earn $140,000 a year (which may or may not be a lot of money, depending on the cost of living where you’re located), you may be wondering why you’re paying the same amount of Social Security tax as someone who earns millions of dollars a year.